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Thetypesofinsulininclude: Initial management of type 1 diabetes As type 1 diabetes in childhood is uncommon (1­2 children per large secondary school) fungus plural order discount nizoral line, much of the initialandroutinecareisdeliveredbyspecialistteams (Box25 fungus on dogs 200 mg nizoral with visa. Most newly presenting children are alert and able to eat and drink and can be managed with subcutaneous insulin alone fungus gnat eggs buy cheap nizoral 200mg on line. Inmost centres with sufficient resources zinsser anti fungal paint buy nizoral online pills, children newly pre sentingwithdiabeteswhodonotrequireintravenous therapyarenotadmittedtohospitalbutaremanaged entirelyathome. Insulin may be injected into the subcutaneous tissueoftheupperarm,theanteriorandlateralaspects ofthethigh,thebuttocksandtheabdomen. Breakfast Lunch Dinner Bedtime Snack Breakfast Continuous pump insulin Basal pump rate = blue Boluses for meals Insulin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Clock time 436 oftheinjectionsitesisessentialtopreventlipohyper trophyor,morerarely,lipoatrophy. Patientsandfami lies are also taught how to correct any sugar above 10mmol/L between usual meal times by extra short acting insulin injections. However, the input required bytheteamstostarttheseintensiveregimensishigh, asistheneedforasupportiveschoolenvironment,and somepatientsandfamiliesstillrelyontwicedailytreat mentwithpremixedinsulin. A healthy diet is recom mended,withahighcomplexcarbohydrateandrela tivelylowfatcontent(<30%oftotalcalories). Thediet shouldbehighinfibre,whichwillprovideasustained release of glucose, rather than refined carbohydrate, whichcausesrapidswingsinglucoselevels. Learning this balancing act requires a lot of educational input fol lowedbyrefinementinthelightofexperience. Blood glucose monitoring Regular blood glucose profiles and blood glucose measurements,whenaloworhighlevelissuspected, are required to adjust the insulin regimen and learn how changes in lifestyle, food and exercise affect control. A record should be kept in a diary or transferred from the memory of the blood glucose meter. In practice, in order also to avoid hypoglycaemic episodes, this means levels of 4­10mmol/L in children and 4­8mmol/L in Hypoglycaemia Increase Omission of insulin Food (especially refined carbohydrates) Illness Menstruation (shortly before onset) Growth hormone Corticosteroids Sex hormones at puberty Stress of an operation Decrease Insulin Exercise Alcohol Some drugs Marked anxiety/ excitement Figure 25. Continuousglucosemonitoring sensorsalsoallowthedetectionofunexpectedasymp tomaticepisodesofnocturnalhypoglycaemiaortimes of poor control during the day. Blood ketone testing (often using the same meter as for blood glucose) is mandatoryduringinfectionsorwhencontrolispoorto trytoavoidsevereketoacidosis. The measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is particularly helpful as a guide of overall control over the previous 6­12 weeks and should be checkedatleast3timesperyear. Thelevelisrelatedto the risk of later complications in a nonlinear fashion, such that the risk of complications increases more rapidlywithhigherlevels,butmaybemisleadingifthe redbloodcelllifespanisreduced,suchasinsicklecell trait or if the HbA molecule is abnormal, as in thalas saemia. Since 2009, the units of HbA1c (originally expressed as a % figure) have been changed to an international reporting standard of mmol/mol. Most children develop welldefined symptoms when their blood glucose falls below about 4mmol/L. Childrenshouldalwayshaveeasy accesstotheirhyporemedy,althoughyoungchildren quicklylearntocomplainofhyposymptomsinorderto leave class or obtain a sweet drink! Long-term management Theaimsoflongtermmanagementare: · · · · · · Normalgrowthanddevelopment Maintainingasnormalahomeandschoollifeas possible Gooddiabeticcontrolthroughknowledgeand goodtechnique Encouragingchildrentobecomeselfreliant,but withadultsupervisionuntiltheyareabletotake responsibility Avoidanceofhypoglycaemia Thepreventionoflongtermcomplicationsandan HbA1cof58mmol/mol(7. Problems in diabetic control Good blood glucose control is particularly difficult in thefollowingcircumstances: · Eatingtoomanysugaryfoods,suchassweets takenatoddtimes,atpartiesoronthewayhome fromschool Endocrine and metabolic disorders 437 1 Diabetic ketoacidosis Box 25. Initial rehydration fluids need to be taken into account in calculating fluid requirements. Monitor: · fluid input and output · electrolytes, creatinine and acid­base status regularly · neurological state. A nasogastric tube is passed for acute gastric dilatation if there is vomiting or depressed consciousness. Aim for gradual reduction of blood glucose of about 2 mmol/h, as rapid reduction is dangerous. Potassium Although the initial plasma potassium may be high, it will fall following treatment with insulin and rehydration. Continuous cardiac monitoring and regular plasma potassium measurements are indicated until the plasma potassium is stable. Acidosis Although a metabolic acidosis is present, bicarbonate should be avoided unless the child is shocked or not responding to therapy. Identification and treatment of an underlying cause Do not stop the intravenous insulin infusion until 1 h after subcutaneous insulin has been given. If the child was known to have diabetes, consider the reason for the ketoacidosis. For younger children, support is needed to help calculate and give the prelunch insulin injection or bolus from thepump.

Petehial hemorrhages are seen on kidney surfaces = Flea-Bitten surface = young black men 146 antifungal nail liquid nizoral 200 mg cheap. Hemosiderin (pigment w/ Fe3-) covered macrophages that have been pahgocytised 166 fungus between toes purchase 200 mg nizoral with amex. Tapeworm infection causing megaloblastic anemia by consuming large amount of vit B12 in the host 229 fungi budding definition order 200mg nizoral fast delivery. Zones of medial necrosis +/- slitlike cysts = Medial Cystic Necrosis of Erdheim 241 fungus damage order nizoral with a visa. Complicaitons: pleural effusion; atelectasia; fibrinous pleuritis; empyema; fibrinous pericarditis; otitis media 250. Permanent dilatation of the bronchi ­ predisposed by chronic sinusitis and post nasal drip 251. Associated w/ Emphysema = "Bleb" = outpouching - If it ruptures causes Pneumothorax 256. Lytic lesions of flat bones ("salt & pepper lesions") = vertebrae, ribs, skull; Hypercalcemia; Bence-Jones protein casts 264. Malignant neoplasm of the lymph nodes causing pruritis; fever = looks like an acute infection 265. Celiac disease due to a gluten-induced enteropathy = small intestine villi are blunted 270. Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma w/ fibrosis ­ most common type of breast carcinoma 282. Retrolental Fibroplasia = cause of bindness in premies due to high O2 concentrations 284. Pt has recurrent infections & diarrhea w/ respiratory tract allergy & autoimmune diseases 285. If Mono is treated w/ Ampicillin, thinking that it is a strep pharyngitis, a rash will occur. Letter Siwe syndrome; Hand Schuller Christian Disease; Eosinophilic Granuloma 303. Anemia; splenomegaly; platelets > 1 million = extensive extra-medullary hematopoiesis 306. Nearly always associated w/ death due to damage to the vital centers in these areas 317. Predilection for lenticulostriate arteries = putamen & internal capsule hemorrhages 318. Tabes Dorsalis = joint position sensation, pain sensation, ataxia, Argyl Robertson pupils 320. Cri di Chat: mental retardation; small head; wide set eyes; low set ears; cat-like cry 323. Osteoporosis: Albers-Schonberd Disease = inspite of d bone density, many fractures = osteoclasts 358. Lysosomal storage disease L Iduronidase ­ Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate accumulation 379. Exs: Tuberculin reaction; Contact dermatitis; Tumor cell killing; Virally infected cell killing 412. Incomplete fusion of lateral palatine process w/ each other & median nasal prominence & medial palatine prominence 416. Pituitary tumor - usually calcified Inolved in Vision relay Involved in Hearing relay Glandular: 5-17 fetal weeks Canalicular 13-25 fetal weeks Terminal Sac 24 weeks to birth Alveolar period birth-8yoa 21-22 days Mouth! Common Bile Duct - supplied by Celiac Artery Duodenum, just below Common Bile Duct! Splenic flexure of the Colon supplied by Superior Mesenteric artery Splenic Flexure! Medial to inferior epigastric artery Seen in older men Goes through deep & superficial inguinal ring Lateral to inferior epigastric artery Seen in young boys ­ processus vaginalis did not close T8 = Inferior vena cava T10 = Esophagus/ Vagus T12 = Aorta/ Thoracic duct/ Azygous vein Wild flailing of 1 arm. Transfers lactate to the liver to make glucose which is sent back into the muscles for energy use Ouabain [(-) K+ pump] Vanadate [(-) phosphorylation] Digoxin [heart contractility] "Citric Acid Is Krebs Starting Substrate For Mitochondrial Oxidation" Citrate! Seen @ 3rd week: Ecto, Meso & Endo @ 2nd week: forms the primitive streak, from which Meso & Endo come from. Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora 56. Serratia ­ red (can cause pseudohemoptysis) Pseudomonas A ­ piocyanin blue/green Staph Aureus ­ yellow ­ Protein A Mycobacteria ­ photo/scoto chromogenic ­ caritinoid ­ yellow/orange Corneybacterium D ­ black/gray ­ pseudomembrane plaque in throat Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus ­ black (heme) E.

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The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data fungus dog vomit buy cheap nizoral 200 mg line, Methods antifungal medication for dogs purchase 200mg nizoral fast delivery, and Results for 2001 149 Table 3B fungus around nails discount 200mg nizoral free shipping. Iron-deficiency anemia 6 Other nutritional disorders 2 19 231 178 69 1 0 0 - - 0 0 34 10 4 0 0 5 2 3 0 0 8 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - 11 40 39 1 0 - - - - - - - 64 32 19 13 5 3 0 0 1 1 39 33 7 5 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 3 - - - 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 - - 0 0 0 - 0 0 2 2 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 78 5 4 1 0 0 - 0 0 1 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 - - 0 0 - 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 85 8 6 2 0 0 - 0 0 1 1 0 - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 - 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 158 12 10 3 1 1 - 0 0 0 1 0 - - - - 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 - 1 0 - - 0 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 1 2 2 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 173 11 8 2 0 0 - 0 0 0 1 0 - - - - 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 - 1 0 - - 0 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 2 3 3 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 206 14 8 2 0 0 - - 0 0 1 0 - - 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 - 1 0 - - 0 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 2 5 5 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 103 8 4 1 0 0 - - 0 0 1 0 - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 1 4 4 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 157 1 fungus white vinegar cheap nizoral amex,068 243 113 13 2 1 - 0 1 2 39 13 4 0 0 8 2 4 3 2 9 6 0 - 5 0 0 - 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0 0 19 58 57 1 0 - - - - - - - 64 32 19 13 7 4 0 0 2 1 150 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. Asthma 7 Other respiratory diseases 33 38 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 - - 0 - - - - 0 1 0 - - - - 0 5 0 0 0 2 1 2 4 0 0 3 11 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 0 - - - - 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 26 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 8 1 0 2 3 1 2 1 0 1 1 49 8 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 10 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 7 0 - - - - 0 1 0 - - - - 0 20 1 1 11 3 1 3 3 1 2 1 123 20 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 0 0 - - - 1 3 1 1 3 2 3 2 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 - - - - 0 1 0 - - - - 0 65 1 6 41 9 2 6 6 3 1 2 149 24 1 1 3 1 2 1 5 0 0 - - - 1 3 1 1 4 3 4 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 1 0 - - - - 0 84 0 10 49 14 3 8 10 6 0 4 183 24 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 0 - - - - 3 3 1 1 3 3 5 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 2 0 - - - - 0 111 0 13 59 22 4 13 14 9 0 5 91 9 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 - - - - 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 60 0 7 26 13 3 11 8 5 0 3 671 95 3 3 11 6 6 2 15 1 0 - - - 6 12 7 8 15 11 14 9 34 0 0 0 3 3 2 1 0 16 0 - - - - 2 8 0 0 - - - 0 356 5 38 188 66 14 46 46 23 4 18 152 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. War Other intentional injuries Total 88 5 37 0 45 57 42 2 14 4 2 0 0 0 0 1 46 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 3 18 0 - - - 0 216 181 99 7 12 13 14 36 35 14 10 8 2 0­4 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 1 9 0 - - - 0 15 14 5 1 1 1 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 5­14 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 - 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 16 16 8 0 1 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 15­29 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 47 36 20 1 1 2 5 7 11 4 4 3 1 30­44 2 0 1 0 1 2 1 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 28 21 14 1 2 1 1 3 7 2 2 3 0 45­59 12 1 6 0 6 6 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 23 20 12 2 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 0 60­69 12 1 6 0 5 8 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 13 11 7 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 70­79 11 1 5 0 5 9 6 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - 10 9 5 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 80+ 4 0 2 0 2 5 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Total 46 3 21 0 22 31 23 2 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 24 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1 10 0 - - - 0 154 129 74 5 9 6 11 25 25 9 8 7 1 154 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. This cause category includes "Causes arising in the perinatal period" as defined in the International Classification of Diseases, principally low birthweight, prematurity, birth asphyxia and birth trauma, and does not include all causes of deaths occurring in the perinatal period. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001 155 Table 3B. Iron-deficiency anemia Other nutritional disorders 1,388 13,557 5,882 2,987 604 71 59 6 0 5 272 695 467 108 0 3 216 140 71 28 11 63 41 0 0 0 40 0 - 3 9 10 0 4 2 2 0 1 638 1,435 1,414 20 1 199 61 27 28 19 28 36 1,086 757 192 137 175 67 3 4 61 39 88 1,782 1,623 597 5 12 12 - - 0 7 329 167 54 0 1 71 41 4 0 0 27 1 - - - 1 0 - 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 412 411 2 0 - - - - - - - 597 406 122 68 17 13 1 0 0 2 164 246 142 107 6 0 0 - - 0 2 1 41 - - 0 31 10 9 0 0 0 8 - - 0 8 - - 0 2 0 - 2 1 1 - 0 35 19 19 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 16 11 1 1 2 1 195 485 167 153 49 0 0 - 0 0 42 2 11 - - 0 4 7 6 3 1 1 6 - - 0 6 0 - 0 0 1 0 0 0 - - 0 32 9 9 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 5 2 - 0 2 1 139 688 296 279 97 1 0 - 0 1 114 4 6 - - 0 - 6 4 4 2 1 3 0 - 0 3 0 - 0 0 2 - 0 0 - 0 0 41 11 11 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 5 0 0 - 4 1 81 1,117 270 239 118 7 5 - - 3 41 5 3 - - 0 - 3 5 7 3 0 3 - - 0 2 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 46 16 15 1 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 15 1 0 0 11 3 30 1,111 201 115 69 6 6 - 0 0 3 5 1 - - 0 - 1 3 2 1 0 1 - - 0 1 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 - - - 0 22 84 82 2 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 0 0 - 0 2 14 1,127 204 92 32 5 5 - - 0 1 7 1 - - 0 - 1 4 2 1 0 0 - - 0 0 - - 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 39 108 105 3 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 5 0 0 - 0 4 4 543 103 42 5 2 2 - - 0 0 9 1 - - - - 1 2 1 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 - - 0 0 21 58 57 1 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 0 0 - 0 2 715 7,099 3,007 1,624 381 33 30 - 0 3 210 363 231 54 0 1 106 70 36 19 7 30 22 0 0 0 22 0 - 2 4 5 0 2 1 1 0 0 278 718 708 9 0 - - - - - - - 597 406 122 68 67 29 1 2 19 16 156 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. Asthma 78 Other respiratory diseases 91 129 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 1 2 3 1 1 5 8 - 0 - 7 - 0 0 0 - - - - - - 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 18 6 0 2 3 2 4 8 0 0 7 44 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 2 3 2 1 1 1 5 - 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - 0 2 0 - - - - 0 11 3 0 3 1 1 4 4 0 2 2 107 18 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 0 3 6 2 2 3 1 10 - 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 - - - - - 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 36 9 1 10 4 2 9 8 0 6 2 203 34 7 3 2 3 2 1 5 0 0 - - - 0 0 4 3 5 1 5 1 21 2 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 12 0 - - - - 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 84 7 3 49 10 4 12 19 7 9 3 714 94 21 9 6 4 4 2 26 0 0 - - - 1 1 4 2 13 2 25 1 17 2 0 3 1 4 0 0 0 7 0 - - - - 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 374 12 10 244 76 6 26 111 91 14 7 854 154 35 18 9 6 5 3 38 0 0 - - - 6 5 7 3 20 1 26 1 6 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 - - - - - 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 495 10 12 293 140 7 32 110 99 3 8 872 112 20 10 7 5 3 2 28 0 0 - - - 9 6 5 2 16 1 27 1 43 - - 1 1 1 27 3 0 0 - - - - - 0 11 0 - - - - 0 527 10 13 297 159 8 41 103 88 3 12 412 51 8 4 3 3 1 1 9 0 0 - - - 5 4 3 1 10 1 17 1 23 - - 0 0 0 14 2 0 0 0 - - - - 0 6 0 - - - - 0 250 5 6 135 74 4 27 41 34 1 6 3,335 476 94 44 28 20 17 7 106 1 0 - - - 21 16 29 22 71 9 104 12 132 4 0 7 15 12 41 5 1 24 0 - - - - 0 23 0 0 - - - 0 1,795 61 47 1,032 467 34 154 405 318 39 48 158 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. War Other intentional injuries Total 444 82 185 7 169 156 132 12 13 10 11 3 0 0 0 8 157 1 11 0 0 0 - 1 12 105 13 15 1 - 0 - 0 1,329 994 238 90 112 183 90 280 335 224 79 26 6 0­4 11 2 6 0 4 5 4 - 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 67 0 5 0 0 0 - 0 3 45 6 7 0 - - - 0 30 28 4 1 4 5 5 10 2 - 1 0 0 5­14 9 1 3 0 5 3 3 - 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 2 - - - - - - 0 1 1 0 0 0 - - - 0 60 55 14 3 4 4 12 18 5 3 2 0 0 15­29 18 3 7 0 7 6 5 - 1 0 1 0 - - - 1 5 - - - - 0 - - 2 3 0 0 0 - - - 0 212 131 45 8 8 15 16 38 81 53 17 10 1 30­44 27 8 13 0 6 10 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - - - 0 - - - 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 189 126 53 8 8 15 9 33 63 39 15 8 1 45­59 65 17 35 1 12 23 17 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 - 1 0 - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 132 100 36 17 9 7 6 24 32 20 9 3 1 60­69 40 8 22 1 10 19 15 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 - - - - - - 0 - 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 56 45 11 6 9 3 3 13 11 6 3 1 1 70­79 35 7 16 1 10 19 15 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 51 41 9 3 14 2 3 11 10 6 3 0 0 80+ 18 3 6 1 8 9 7 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 - - - - - - - - 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 28 22 4 1 9 1 1 5 6 3 3 0 0 Total 222 50 107 4 62 93 74 12 7 5 5 1 0 0 0 4 75 0 5 0 0 0 - 0 5 49 6 8 0 - - - 0 758 548 176 47 67 52 55 152 210 130 52 23 5 160 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. Note: - an estimate of zero; the number zero in a cell indicates a non-zero estimate of less than 500. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001 161 Table 3B. Iron-deficiency anemia Other nutritional disorders 668 10,837 7,747 5,702 317 90 87 1 1 2 2,058 712 745 176 0 1 447 121 23 21 8 1,093 58 48 - 2 8 0 - 1 0 - - 4 1 1 2 0 572 1,094 1,080 13 1 237 60 44 32 22 28 52 573 243 240 90 140 99 3 18 18 2 57 2,367 2,252 1,428 12 17 17 - - 0 159 337 308 88 0 1 177 43 5 1 1 467 3 2 - 0 1 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 - 0 - 117 439 435 3 0 - - - - - - - 332 141 139 52 53 40 1 7 5 1 92 281 179 150 7 0 0 - - 0 48 1 50 - - - 44 6 2 3 1 7 12 11 - 0 2 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 0 0 0 18 26 24 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 2 0 1 1 0 93 529 289 277 49 1 1 - 0 0 185 2 8 - - 0 3 5 1 1 0 9 8 6 - 0 2 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 11 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 852 603 580 68 10 9 - 0 0 440 4 4 - - - - 4 2 3 1 10 7 6 - 0 1 0 - 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0 0 31 22 21 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0 0 0 0 0 26 632 331 297 51 17 17 - 0 0 148 6 2 - - - - 2 2 2 1 10 5 5 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - 0 - 0 0 0 52 31 31 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 2 0 0 1 0 9 412 135 100 19 3 3 - 0 0 23 6 1 - - - - 1 1 1 0 7 1 1 - 1 0 0 - 0 0 - - 0 - 0 0 0 38 29 28 1 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 5 4 0 0 1 0 4 366 73 45 9 0 0 - - 0 3 8 0 - - - - 0 0 0 0 6 1 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - 0 - 0 0 0 17 23 23 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 0 0 0 0 1 170 26 16 3 0 0 - - 0 0 8 0 - - - - 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 - 0 - - - - 0 - - 0 - 0 0 0 1 9 9 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 0 0 0 0 331 5,611 3,888 2,893 218 48 47 - 0 1 1,007 373 373 88 0 1 224 60 12 12 5 518 38 31 - 1 6 0 - 0 0 - - 2 0 0 1 0 287 590 583 6 1 - - - - - - - 332 141 139 52 73 55 1 8 8 1 162 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. Asthma 26 Other respiratory diseases 112 65 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 3 8 - - - 2 - 0 0 - - - - - - - 0 5 0 - - - - 0 4 0 0 0 0 2 1 9 0 1 8 18 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 5 - - 0 2 - 0 0 0 - - - - - - 0 3 0 - - - - 0 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 45 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 9 - - - 6 0 0 - 0 1 - - - - - 0 2 0 - - - - 0 12 2 0 1 4 2 4 5 1 1 4 102 16 1 1 1 1 4 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 0 3 1 2 1 3 2 10 0 - 0 5 2 0 0 0 1 - - - - - 0 2 0 0 - - - 0 35 1 2 7 11 3 11 12 3 2 7 225 51 4 5 5 3 11 1 4 1 0 - - - 3 1 4 1 8 1 7 2 9 0 - - 4 2 0 0 0 1 - - - - - 0 2 0 - - - - 0 91 1 5 39 28 4 13 28 13 3 12 249 57 4 5 5 3 8 1 4 1 0 - - - 11 2 4 1 9 1 8 1 6 - - 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 - - - - - 0 2 0 - - - - 0 112 0 6 52 36 3 15 35 20 3 12 279 57 3 3 4 3 5 1 2 1 0 - - - 18 2 4 1 8 1 8 1 6 - - 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 - - - - - - 1 0 - - - - 0 137 0 7 58 44 4 24 39 25 3 12 140 23 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 - - - 8 1 2 1 4 0 3 1 3 - - - 1 0 1 1 0 0 - - - - - - 0 0 - - - - 0 76 0 4 22 22 2 25 19 12 1 6 1,122 214 13 15 18 11 31 4 11 4 0 - - - 40 7 21 7 32 5 30 12 56 0 - 0 23 5 4 3 0 3 - - - - - 0 18 0 0 - - - 0 469 6 24 179 145 22 93 149 74 13 62 164 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. War Other intentional injuries Total 164 15 59 2 88 107 101 2 4 20 7 1 0 0 0 5 63 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 4 31 0 - - - 0 807 494 200 37 20 44 66 127 313 36 141 136 0 0­4 3 0 0 0 3 3 2 - 0 0 0 - - - - 0 32 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 2 15 0 - - - 0 51 48 12 5 1 8 7 15 3 - 3 0 0 5­14 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 - 0 0 0 - - - - 0 2 - 0 0 - - 0 - 0 1 0 1 0 - - - 0 84 77 41 4 3 11 11 8 7 2 4 1 0 15­29 7 1 1 0 5 3 3 - 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 1 - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 196 80 27 5 2 1 11 35 116 9 53 53 0 30­44 18 2 6 0 11 4 4 - 0 1 0 0 - - 0 0 0 - - - - - - - 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 147 65 28 6 2 1 13 16 82 7 32 43 0 45­59 26 2 13 0 11 7 7 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - - - - - - - 0 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 76 41 18 3 2 1 8 9 35 6 13 16 0 60­69 18 2 9 0 8 10 10 0 0 1 0 0 - - 0 0 0 - - - - - - 0 - 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 29 16 7 1 1 1 1 5 12 2 4 7 0 70­79 16 1 7 0 7 13 11 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 - - - - - - - - 0 - 0 0 - - - 0 14 9 4 - 1 1 0 3 5 1 2 2 0 80+ 5 1 2 0 3 8 7 1 0 1 0 0 0 - - 0 0 - - - - - - - - 0 - 0 - - - - - 4 3 1 - 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 Total 95 8 38 1 48 48 45 2 2 6 3 0 0 0 0 2 35 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 2 17 0 - - - 0 600 339 137 23 14 24 50 92 261 28 111 123 0 166 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001 167 Table 3B. Iron-deficiency anemia 7 Other nutritional disorders 2 28 41 21 2 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 1 1 1 0 0 - - - - - - - 18 5 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 11 1 0 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96 90 3 2 0 0 0 - 0 - 1 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 0 1 1 1 0 0 - - - - - - - 0 - 0 0 0 0 - - 0 0 107 192 16 13 1 0 0 - 0 0 9 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 88 520 24 16 2 0 0 - - 0 5 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 5 7 7 0 0 - - - - - - - 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 40 698 26 12 2 0 0 - 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 - - 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 - - 0 6 14 14 0 0 - - - - - - - 0 0 - - 1 0 0 0 0 0 27 1,170 60 18 3 0 0 - 0 0 0 1 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 11 41 41 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 0 - 0 0 10 1,281 117 18 3 0 0 - 0 0 0 1 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 0 1 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 13 96 95 1 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 2 0 0 1 0 457 4,002 268 81 10 0 0 - 0 0 17 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 162 160 2 0 - - - - - - - 18 5 6 7 6 3 0 0 2 1 168 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. Asthma Other respiratory diseases 6,868 2,066 41 58 146 257 102 110 456 30 155 17 27 46 119 59 115 73 257 57 202 70 378 3 0 2 9 23 207 45 8 13 0 - - - - 1 68 0 0 - - - 0 3,039 17 129 1,364 781 72 676 477 297 28 152 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 1 0 0 - - - 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 1 0 - - - - 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 - - - - 0 2 0 0 - - - 0 5 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 106 31 2 1 2 3 2 1 5 1 0 - - - 0 0 3 2 7 1 3 2 13 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 5 0 - - - - 0 2 0 0 - - - 0 35 0 2 16 6 3 8 3 1 1 2 431 180 10 10 14 18 14 10 50 4 0 - - - 4 3 9 5 28 3 12 5 19 0 0 0 1 8 1 0 1 2 0 - - - - 0 5 0 0 - - - 0 148 1 6 88 25 7 21 14 8 1 5 638 284 8 13 23 32 21 15 86 4 0 - - - 16 8 14 8 36 5 19 5 17 0 0 0 1 4 3 2 1 0 0 - - - - 0 6 0 0 - - - 0 224 1 7 130 44 8 34 37 24 2 11 1,074 393 7 13 30 46 22 19 115 5 1 - - - 44 16 20 13 43 9 30 7 38 0 0 0 1 2 17 9 0 0 0 - - - - 0 9 0 0 - - - 0 434 2 14 231 101 11 74 94 65 4 25 1,127 258 3 6 20 33 9 11 53 4 0 - - - 56 14 13 9 25 10 26 9 65 1 0 0 1 1 42 13 0 0 0 - - - - 0 8 0 0 - - - 0 564 2 19 250 145 10 139 112 73 4 35 3,420 1,155 30 44 89 133 69 56 311 18 2 - - - 119 42 60 41 143 28 91 31 160 1 0 1 5 18 64 24 3 10 0 - - - - 1 33 0 0 - - - 0 1,412 5 48 716 323 41 279 262 171 12 79 170 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. War Other intentional injuries Total 335 27 118 1 189 153 111 2 40 15 44 9 3 0 2 30 30 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 13 0 13 0 0 0 - 0 471 321 121 21 71 9 16 82 151 126 24 0 0 0­4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 5 0 - - - 0 4 4 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 5­14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 5 4 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 15­29 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 63 40 28 3 1 1 2 5 23 16 7 0 0 30­44 14 0 10 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 70 39 20 7 3 1 2 7 31 25 5 0 0 45­59 42 2 30 0 11 5 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 65 36 15 4 5 1 2 9 29 27 3 0 0 60­69 37 2 21 0 13 8 7 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 34 22 8 1 4 1 1 7 12 12 1 0 0 70­79 42 4 14 0 24 20 16 0 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 35 26 7 0 7 1 1 9 9 9 0 0 0 80+ 40 5 5 0 30 35 25 1 9 2 5 1 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 36 31 4 0 13 1 1 11 6 6 0 0 0 Total 177 13 80 1 83 70 53 2 15 5 13 2 1 0 1 9 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 7 0 0 0 - 0 314 202 86 15 34 6 11 49 112 94 17 0 0 172 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001 173 Table 3B. Hookworm disease 3 Other intestinal infections 2 Other infectious diseases 1,624 B. Iron-deficiency anemia 133 Other nutritional disorders 56 317 5,448 4,858 2,362 22 31 30 - - 1 173 837 524 150 0 3 277 94 30 3 1 521 4 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 211 1,004 990 14 0 - - - - - - - 1,399 709 432 258 93 70 2 7 9 5 623 744 376 296 16 0 0 - 0 0 52 3 110 0 0 0 91 18 14 4 1 7 21 11 0 0 10 0 - 0 5 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 59 58 55 2 1 - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 22 15 1 2 3 1 808 1,925 588 541 138 2 1 - 0 0 260 6 24 - 0 0 11 13 12 8 3 10 15 6 0 0 8 0 - 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 37 35 2 0 - - - - - - - 0 - 0 0 10 4 0 0 4 1 653 2,978 1,166 1,099 257 11 10 - 0 1 649 12 11 - 0 0 0 11 10 17 7 11 13 6 1 1 5 0 - 1 0 2 - 0 0 0 0 0 99 56 54 2 0 - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 11 3 0 0 6 1 415 4,518 877 750 282 26 23 - 0 4 226 15 6 - 0 0 0 6 10 23 12 11 13 5 2 3 3 0 - 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 122 101 97 4 0 - - - - - - - 0 - 0 0 26 7 0 1 15 3 164 4,767 555 360 186 10 10 - 0 0 30 15 3 0 0 0 0 3 5 8 5 7 7 1 2 3 1 0 - 1 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 82 182 177 5 0 - - - - - - - 0 0 - - 13 8 0 0 2 3 88 5,546 529 267 118 6 6 - 0 0 4 20 1 - 0 0 0 1 6 5 3 7 4 0 1 2 1 0 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 244 239 5 0 - - - - - - - 0 - - 0 18 9 0 0 3 6 25 3,630 386 129 34 3 3 - 0 0 0 24 1 - 0 0 - 1 3 2 1 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 54 240 236 4 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 16 9 0 0 3 4 3,093 29,555 9,335 5,805 1,053 89 83 - 0 6 1,394 932 680 150 0 3 379 147 89 69 33 579 78 31 8 9 30 0 0 4 9 7 0 6 1 2 2 1 783 1,923 1,884 37 2 - - - - - - - 1,399 709 432 258 208 125 3 11 46 24 174 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. Asthma Other respiratory diseases 32,891 7,021 312 438 842 614 607 227 1,227 65 473 235 71 132 264 175 331 263 746 146 960 240 1,079 13 1 23 125 84 380 95 16 86 0 - - - - 6 251 3 0 - - - 3 16,394 324 889 7,063 5,390 391 2,337 3,603 2,676 233 694 431 19 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 0 2 8 8 2 1 21 26 0 0 0 12 0 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - 1 12 0 0 - - - 0 39 7 1 3 7 7 13 34 2 2 30 121 27 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 0 7 12 6 2 1 4 16 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 1 8 0 - - - - 0 24 5 1 3 5 2 8 9 0 4 5 363 75 4 1 5 4 8 0 2 1 0 - - - 0 0 12 24 12 5 8 7 48 0 0 0 15 5 0 0 0 13 0 - - - - 1 12 0 0 - - - 0 109 18 4 27 22 10 28 24 2 11 12 939 217 17 14 27 18 40 5 29 3 0 - - - 1 2 18 14 29 6 21 10 89 2 0 4 15 20 1 1 1 33 0 - - - - 0 11 0 0 - - - 0 355 17 19 160 74 21 64 58 17 19 22 3,005 851 64 69 124 57 136 28 188 8 1 - - - 12 15 32 21 97 13 88 15 88 2 0 4 10 27 3 1 2 21 0 - - - - 0 17 0 0 - - - 0 1,318 29 71 707 353 39 119 250 175 30 45 3,927 1,118 71 97 153 85 118 34 291 8 1 - - - 51 32 37 24 116 14 111 13 53 1 0 1 5 13 8 4 1 2 0 - - - - 0 18 0 0 - - - 0 1,894 25 104 947 619 39 160 405 322 21 62 4,817 1,102 44 75 147 98 91 35 275 9 1 - - - 108 45 39 27 107 18 124 18 121 0 0 1 4 6 56 20 1 0 0 - - - - 0 32 0 0 - - - 0 2,481 24 126 1,160 859 49 263 632 515 20 97 3,134 508 16 23 62 55 26 16 93 6 1 - - - 91 29 21 15 54 13 73 18 117 1 0 1 2 2 71 21 0 0 0 - - - - 0 20 0 0 - - - 0 1,733 11 83 717 555 37 330 454 348 11 95 16,737 3,917 217 280 519 318 420 119 879 35 3 - - - 264 123 167 146 428 73 428 107 558 6 0 11 70 72 141 49 6 70 0 - - - - 3 130 2 0 - - - 2 7,953 136 409 3,726 2,494 204 983 1,866 1,380 119 368 176 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. War Other intentional injuries Total 1,935 261 771 21 883 830 663 31 136 67 105 25 5 1 3 71 507 4 19 1 0 1 1 2 24 269 24 161 2 0 0 - 2 5,186 3,535 1,189 349 387 310 385 914 1,651 875 556 208 13 0­4 48 3 8 0 37 11 9 - 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 227 2 9 1 0 1 1 1 8 116 11 78 0 - - - 0 158 151 29 9 10 18 34 51 8 0 7 0 1 5­14 17 2 4 1 11 7 6 - 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 4 0 - - - 0 247 227 84 11 13 17 58 44 21 9 10 2 0 15­29 49 7 17 1 24 22 19 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 3 0 - 0 - 0 974 551 246 38 29 24 68 146 423 153 186 80 3 30­44 137 18 72 1 45 37 32 1 4 3 3 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 - 0 - 0 872 518 224 59 36 25 45 128 355 149 136 66 3 45­59 294 42 173 3 77 75 62 5 9 4 6 1 0 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 636 422 158 68 43 16 32 104 213 120 68 24 1 60­69 219 31 115 2 71 87 68 6 13 4 6 2 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 - 0 - 0 284 196 65 27 31 8 12 52 89 59 20 10 1 70­79 198 32 80 2 85 107 80 10 17 6 10 2 1 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 200 145 44 10 37 7 8 39 54 40 10 3 1 80+ 114 19 25 1 68 87 62 9 17 6 9 1 1 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 111 87 17 4 34 3 4 25 24 17 5 2 0 Total 1,075 153 493 11 418 433 338 31 65 26 37 7 2 1 2 25 262 2 9 1 0 1 1 1 12 135 12 88 1 0 0 - 1 3,483 2,296 867 226 234 119 263 588 1,187 547 442 187 10 178 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. World totals for males and females include residual populations not included in the World Bank regions. Hookworm disease 634 Other intestinal infections 63 Other infectious diseases 38,095 B. Birth asphyxia and birth trauma 31,429 Other perinatal conditions 15,043 288 217,652 169,032 78,874 730 1,502 1,004 34 448 15 5,322 27,757 16,976 5,623 15 76 8,432 2,831 1,308 92 31 17,344 358 67 0 88 88 106 7 7 61 90 2 228 112 45 56 16 7,065 32,320 31,654 425 241 - - - - - - - 48,595 22,984 17,646 7,965 563 42,491 16,353 12,391 615 19 2 5 12 0 1,570 691 3,305 49 8 6 2,716 526 472 108 44 497 1,918 322 0 279 382 914 20 19 143 67 2 910 462 205 237 6 2,010 2,475 1,930 67 478 - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 712 97,880 22,553 20,370 4,394 703 105 154 441 3 8,834 528 684 - 25 1 302 356 352 225 82 455 2,175 189 125 208 306 1,310 37 16 12 46 23 12 1 1 10 1 1,829 1,080 1,006 64 11 - - - - - - - 0 - 0 0 545 106,062 32,261 30,127 6,966 537 267 32 216 22 16,592 564 278 - 17 1 0 260 244 398 163 384 1,300 149 62 143 171 704 71 23 9 65 152 8 0 1 6 1 2,442 1,356 1,274 71 11 - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 326 114,028 18,503 15,899 5,933 505 428 1 7 69 4,497 463 126 - 4 1 0 121 206 430 182 276 695 104 67 113 66 261 84 29 6 11 211 10 0 1 8 2 2,318 1,878 1,799 76 3 - - - - - - - 0 - 0 0 124 74,490 7,975 5,391 2,771 145 140 0 1 4 424 270 35 0 0 0 0 34 73 111 47 125 160 9 32 58 19 17 25 11 3 3 150 6 0 1 5 1 1,058 2,299 2,227 71 2 - - - - - - - 0 0 - - 61 49,024 4,567 2,551 1,162 55 52 - 0 2 40 203 12 - 0 0 - 12 54 38 17 70 62 3 12 25 6 5 10 8 2 2 88 3 0 0 2 0 735 1,829 1,786 43 0 - - - - - - - 0 - - 0 15 14,065 1,387 623 188 16 15 - 0 1 1 115 6 - 0 0 - 5 14 9 4 20 13 0 4 5 0 1 3 1 1 1 21 1 0 0 1 0 213 698 681 17 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 2,636 715,692 272,631 166,227 22,760 3,483 2,014 227 1,125 117 37,280 30,592 21,422 5,672 69 86 11,450 4,145 2,723 1,411 570 19,172 6,680 844 303 920 1,038 3,319 257 115 238 285 649 1,178 574 253 323 27 17,669 43,936 42,357 833 747 - - - - - - - 48,596 22,984 17,646 7,966 180 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. Inflammatory heart diseases 5,811 Other cardiovascular diseases 22,446 182 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. War Other intentional injuries Total 58,086 33,453 11,514 13,119 52,402 4,801 13,633 377 33,591 16,381 9,076 2,613 4,691 3,696 25,693 3,645 13,666 2,785 1,692 3,905 23,533 110 545 31 117 131 46 53 3,416 13,191 1,488 4,405 7,375 4,752 207 2,293 123 155,850 113,235 32,017 7,115 13,582 10,080 9,391 41,050 42,615 17,674 18,132 6,492 317 0­4 3,254 48 1,013 2,193 7,366 91 256 7 7,012 975 327 - 648 498 202 11 0 0 69 122 11,352 59 258 20 61 67 23 30 1,736 6,198 706 2,196 942 919 - - 24 7,959 7,608 1,186 286 983 923 1,010 3,219 351 3 240 91 17 5­14 1,699 15 1,348 336 859 67 152 28 612 345 283 - 62 225 432 75 3 0 167 187 302 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 164 10 98 564 558 - - 5 13,630 12,447 3,267 320 1,670 865 1,680 4,644 1,183 338 760 71 15 15­29 2,368 120 1,783 464 2,588 394 621 36 1,536 725 583 0 142 302 1,293 171 367 123 184 448 339 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 57 202 4 74 467 341 26 95 6 35,429 21,335 7,571 962 2,159 884 1,835 7,923 14,094 3,938 7,424 2,628 104 30­44 2,918 1,307 829 781 4,573 667 1,835 38 2,033 1,000 777 12 211 287 3,307 246 1,348 1,307 212 195 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 42 0 21 256 144 47 59 6 25,209 15,467 5,925 1,267 1,384 738 1,057 5,096 9,742 3,054 4,360 2,254 74 45­59 7,262 5,359 714 1,188 7,021 967 3,171 55 2,829 3,616 1,104 2,118 395 256 3,561 308 1,970 854 184 245 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 1 17 670 250 20 397 3 13,279 9,335 3,203 1,273 1,002 375 583 2,899 3,944 1,849 1,506 563 26 60­69 6,468 5,162 285 1,021 3,436 454 1,447 24 1,510 1,389 837 255 296 130 1,589 150 1,060 147 55 178 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 6 569 123 7 438 1 4,036 2,931 860 368 468 112 151 972 1,105 646 291 157 11 70­79 5,466 4,466 156 845 1,998 269 674 19 1,036 983 578 173 233 95 689 71 403 39 23 153 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 121 60 4 57 1 1,747 1,311 362 91 360 55 62 381 436 294 102 35 5 80+ 1,889 1,499 36 354 571 74 121 6 370 320 180 55 84 36 137 14 52 6 4 60 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 18 15 1 2 0 437 338 67 16 130 14 17 95 99 58 28 12 2 Total 31,324 17,977 6,165 7,182 28,411 2,983 8,278 213 16,938 9,352 4,669 2,613 2,070 1,828 11,210 1,046 5,203 2,476 899 1,587 12,115 60 259 20 61 67 23 31 1,827 6,629 721 2,417 3,607 2,409 103 1,047 47 101,727 70,773 22,441 4,583 8,157 3,967 6,395 25,229 30,954 10,181 14,711 5,809 253 184 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D. For East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean regions, these figures include late effects of polio cases with onset prior to regional certification of polio eradication in 1994, 2000, and 2002, respectively. The Burden of Disease and Mortality by Condition: Data, Methods, and Results for 2001 185 Table 3C. Birth asphyxia and birth trauma Other perinatal conditions 1,849 346,225 76,710 36,941 10,878 848 129 409 263 48 3,087 8,782 3,707 579 49 18 2,303 758 1,067 673 275 1,090 483 - 0 64 48 371 - 34 217 301 500 680 301 197 168 14 4,318 11,800 10,786 598 416 3,475 322 881 128 239 191 1,714 18,696 6,226 7,737 4,734 80 32,713 20,685 7,035 74 78 37 4 36 0 94 3,661 1,201 276 1 12 680 233 295 17 4 596 8 - - 0 2 6 - 0 28 74 0 79 34 24 16 5 825 2,414 2,171 177 67 - - - - - - - 9,697 3,233 4,044 2,420 175 8,127 2,069 1,394 110 2 0 1 1 - 12 174 447 12 3 1 370 61 47 2 0 43 51 - - 2 8 41 - 1 48 48 0 263 117 79 65 2 146 434 282 8 143 - - - - - - - 0 - - 0 244 24,304 3,489 2,822 997 86 9 27 49 1 657 224 138 - 10 0 90 37 78 70 29 27 118 - - 5 10 103 - 2 7 17 1 1 - - 1 0 371 310 274 31 5 - - - - - - - - - - - 224 27,851 4,693 4,207 1,812 46 7 6 31 2 1,204 228 40 - 8 1 - 30 49 179 76 22 76 - - 7 5 63 - 4 3 12 22 1 - - 1 0 433 300 262 36 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 136 37,655 3,712 3,032 1,817 19 9 0 1 9 337 156 16 - 2 0 - 13 34 218 91 14 63 - - 22 2 39 - 6 2 3 38 1 0 - 1 0 217 492 442 49 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 51 26,822 2,155 1,626 1,256 11 10 0 0 0 21 73 5 - - 0 - 5 12 52 21 6 17 - - 13 1 4 - 8 1 1 29 1 - - 1 0 114 459 435 23 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 25 18,363 1,345 909 660 7 7 - - - 2 44 2 - - - - 2 10 10 4 3 3 - - 1 0 1 - 4 1 1 20 0 0 - 0 0 138 402 394 8 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 6 5,448 456 214 117 3 2 - - 1 0 19 1 - - 0 - 1 3 3 1 1 1 - - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 5 0 - - 0 0 60 230 222 8 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 942 181,284 38,605 21,238 6,842 252 82 38 118 14 2,328 4,579 1,849 288 24 13 1,140 383 528 551 228 711 336 - - 51 28 257 - 25 90 155 115 347 151 103 86 7 2,302 5,044 4,482 341 221 - - - - - - - 9,697 3,233 4,044 2,420 186 Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Colin D.

The underlying restrictive or infiltrative processes (Table 4) fungus eye buy nizoral online pills, despite the specific etiology antifungal hiv buy cheap nizoral 200mg, typically lead to progressive biventricular stiffness and elevated filling (diastolic) pressures antifungal drying powder cheap nizoral 200 mg free shipping, manifesting clinically as exertional dysnea and right heart failure fungus gnats spray buy generic nizoral 200 mg online. Yet it is important to recognize that diastolic dysfunction is not specific to restrictive cardiomyopathy, and frequently accompanies other cardiomyopathies that are not primarily restrictive (Table 5). The diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy is primarily clinical, but 2D and Doppler echocardiography play supportive/confirmatory roles (Table 6). Left ventricular cavity size is characteristically preserved, but wall Normal ventricular volumes, preserved systolic function, marked biatrial enlargement Doppler findings Limited (<20%) variation in inflow velocities with respiration (compared with constrictive pericarditis) Mitral inflow Reduced isovolumic relaxation time (<70 m/s) Increased E velocity (>1 m/s) Reduced deceleration time (<160 ms) Reduced A velocity (<0. In amyloid heart disease, the prototype restrictive cardiomyopathy, concentric left ventricular thickening is typical and systolic function preserved (until the advanced stages). The pattern of myocardial wall thickening (involving the right ventricle and interatrial septum) are clues to the diagnosis (Table 7). Right ventricular dilatation frequently occurs and biatrial enlargement is almost always present. In addition, a small pericardial effusion and nonspecific valvular thickening are common. A "ground-glass" or "sparkling" appearance of ventricular myocardium is distinctive, but nonspecific for amyloid. However, when combined with other echocardiographic findings, it is highly suggestive of amyloid. A helpful confirmatory parameter in cardiac amyloid is assessment of the voltage-to-mass ratio. Doppler profiles found in restrictive cardiomyopathy (Table 6) reveal abnormal diastolic filling patterns (see also Chapter 6). Reduced ventricular compliance (increasing ventricular stiffness) requires greater filling pressures, i. Over time, increased early rapid filling is restored as higher filling pressures generated by a now dilated/thickened atria compensate and manifests as a "pseudonormalized" pattern. Repeat recordings during stage 2 of the Valsalva maneuver can unmask pseudonormalization-this acutely reduces filling pressures and reveals the underlying impaired relaxation. As the pathological processes ensue, a restrictive pattern becomes established. The tall steep E-wave reflects higher transmitral gradients with very rapid equilibration during early diastole. Deteriorating atrial function frequently leads to atrial fibrillation (absent A-wave) or a markedly diminished Fig. Gross heart specimen from a 66-yr-old man patient with systemic amyloidosis who died from congestive heart failure. Note thickened left ventricle with reduced cavity size, dilated atria, and intracardiac device. Biatrial enlargement reflects the consequences of impaired ventricular filling-a characteristic of restrictive cardiomyopathies. The most reliable diastolic abnormality by echocardiography is reduced myocardial relaxation velocities. Patients with advanced restrictive heart disease, such as amyloid, can have lateral mitral annular diastolic velocities of 5 cm/s or less (see Chapter 6). The more common etiologies for restrictive cardiomyopathy are: (1) cardiac amyloid, which is the most common cause in the industrialized world; (2) hypereosinophilic syndrome and endomyocardial fibrosis, common in parts of Latin America, Asia, and Africa; (3) carcinoid heart disease (see Chapter 19); (4) Sarcoidosis (sarcoid granulomata primarily affect the reticulo-endothelial system, the lungs, and skin, but cardiac involvement occurs). Right heart failure may be a sequel to pulmonary fibrosis, but sarcoid granulomatous infiltration of the heart can lead to a restrictive cardiomyopathy as well as impaired systolic function and conduction disturbances. Restrictive cardiomyopathy can resemble, and can be difficult to distinguish from, constrictive pericarditis. Preservation of systolic function and abnormal diastolic filling patterns are seen in both. However, a thickened pericardium and respirophasic variation in inflow velocities are indicative of constrictive pericarditis. In addition, mitral annular diastolic relaxation velocities are typically normal in patients with constrictive 170 Bulwer and Solomon Fig. Echocardiographic images and a gross heart specimen from a 58-yr-old female who succumbed to complications related to severe pulmonary sarcoid, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchiectasis are shown. In addition to Doppler indices consistent with a restrictive cardiomyopathy, biatrial enlargement and right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension were seen (A­D).